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Paleobiota of the Djadochta Formation

Articulated Protoceratops from Tugriken Shireh. This dinosaur is one of the most common occurrences in the Djadochta Formation

The Djadochta Formation (sometimes spelled Djadokhta, Djadokata, or Dzhadokhtskaya) is a geological formation in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. It dates to the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous and is famous for its dinosaur fossils including Oviraptor, Protoceratops, and Velociraptor. It is also known for a high diversity of mammal and lizard fossils, and a complete catalogue of its fossil contents is shown below.

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Vertebrates

Amphibians

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Gobiates Indeterminate Udyn Sayr "Partial skeleton with partial urostyle."[1] A frog.

Crocodylomorphs

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Artzosuchus A. brachicephalus Udyn Sayr "Partial skull."[2] A crocodylomorph.
Gobiosuchus G. kielanae Bayn Dzak "Multiple specimens with partial skulls and skeletons."[3][4] A gobiosuchid.
G.? parvus Udyn Sayr "Partial skull and skeleton."[5][6] A gobiosuchid.
Shamosuchus S. djadochtaensis Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod "Two skulls and partial skeleton."[7][8] A paralligatorid.

Lizards

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Adamisaurus A. magnidentatus Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh, Ukhaa Tolgod "Skulls and skeletons from multiple specimens."[9][10] A teiid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation and Bayan Mandahu Formation.
Aiolosaurus A. oriens Ukhaa Tolgod "Incomplete skull and partial skeleton."[10] A varanoid.
Carusia C. intermedia Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod "Skulls from multiple specimens."[10] A carusiid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation and Bayan Mandahu Formation.
Cherminotus C. longifrons Tugriken Shireh, Ukhaa Tolgod "Skulls and partial skeleton."[10] A varanoid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Ctenomastax C. parva Zos "Incomplete skull."[10] An iguanid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Dzhadochtosaurus D. giganteus Tugriken Shireh "Partially complete skull."[11] A macrocephalosaur.
Eoxanta E. lacertifrons Ukhaa Tolgod "Incomplete skull."[10] A scincomorph. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Estesia E. mongoliensis Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skulls and teeth."[10] A monstersaur. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Flaviagama F. dzerzhinskii Tugriken Shireh "Skull and two vertebrae."[12] A priscagamid.
Globaura G. venusta Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skulls."[10] A scincomorph. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Gobiderma G. pulchrum Udyn Sayr, Ukhaa Tolgod "Skulls and skin impressions."[10] A monstersaur. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Gobinatus G. arenosus Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull."[10] A teiid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Hymenosaurus H. clarki Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull."[10] A scincomorph.
Isodontosaurus I. gracilis Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh, Ukhaa Tolgod, Zos "Numerous skulls and a partial skeleton."[10] An iguanian. Also present in the Bayan Mandahu Formation.
Macrocephalosaurus Indeterminate Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull and skeleton."[10] A teiid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Mimeosaurus M. crassus Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod, Zos Wash "Partially complete skulls."[10] An acrodont. Also present in the Bayan Mandahu Formation.
Myrmecodaptria M. microphagosa Ukhaa Tolgod "Single skull."[10] A gekkotan.
Ovoo O. gurval Little Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull."[13] A varanid.
Parmeosaurus P. scutatus Ukhaa Tolgod "Articulated skull and skeleton."[10] A scincomorph.
Phrynosomimus P. asper Ukhaa Tolgod "Two partial skulls."[10] An acrodont. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Priscagama P. gobiensis Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod "Incomplete skulls."[10] An priscagamid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Saichangurvel S. davidsoni Ukhaa Tolgod "Complete skull and skeleton in articulation."[14] An iguanian.
Slavoia S. darevskii Ukhaa Tolgod "Skulls and skeleton."[10] A scincomorph. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Telmasaurus T. grangeri Bayn Dzak "Partial skull and skeleton."[15][10] A varanid.
Temujinia T. ellisoni Tugriken Shireh, Ukhaa Tolgod "Several partial skulls."[10] An iguanid.
Tchingisaurus T. multivagus Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull."[10] A teiid.
Unnamed scincomorph Indeterminate Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull."[10] A scincomorph.
Varanoidea indet. Indeterminate Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial maxilla and vertebra."[10] A varanoid.
Zapsosaurus Z. sceliphros Tugriken Shireh "Two partial skulls."[10] An iguanid.

Mammals

Multituberculates

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Bulganbaatar B. nemegtbaataroides Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull, and other remains."[16][17] A djadochtatherioid.
Catopsbaatar C. catopsaloides Ukhaa Tolgod Not specified.[17] A djadochtatheriid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Chulsanbaatar C. vulgaris Ukhaa Tolgod "Skull and partial skeleton."[17] A djadochtatherioid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Djadochtatherium D. matthewi Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh "Partial skulls."[18][19] A djadochtatheriid.
Deltatheroides D. cretacicus Bayn Dzak "Partial skull."[20] A djadochtatheriid.
Kamptobaatar K. kuczynskii Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull, and other remains."[21][17] A sloanbaatarid.
Kryptobaatar K. dashzevegi Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh, Ukhaa Tolgod "Skulls and skeleton remains from several specimens."[21][22] A djadochtatheriid. Gobibaatar and Tugrigbaatar are considered synonyms of this taxon.[23]
Mangasbaatar M. udanii Udyn Sayr "Skulls and partial skeleton from two specimens."[24] A djadochtatheriid.
Nemegtbaatar N. gobiensis Ukhaa Tolgod Not specified.[17] A djadochtatherioid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Sloanbaatar S. mirabilis Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod "Complete skull, and other remains."[21][17] A sloanbaatarid.
Tombaatar T. sabuli Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull."[25] A djadochtatheriid.

Therians

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Asiatherium A. reshetovi Udyn Sayr "Articulated skull and skeleton."[26] A metatherian.
Deltatheridium D. pretrituberculare Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull and skeleton remains."[20][27] A metatherian.
Hyotheridium H. dobsoni Bayn Dzak "Partial skull."[20] A therian.
Indeterminate Ukhaa Tolgod Not specified.[17] A therian.
Kennalestes K. gobiensis Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod "Nearly complete skull, and other remains."[28][17] An eutherian.
Maelestes M. gobiensis Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull with skeleton."[29] A cimolestid.
Ukhaatherium U. nessovi Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial to nearly complete skeletons from several specimens."[30][31][32] An eutherian.
Zalambdalestes Z. lechei Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh "Skulls and skeletons from several specimens."[20][33] An eutherian.

Pterosaurs

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Azhdarchidae indet. Indeterminate Tugriken Shireh "Indeterminate bone inside the gut cavity of a Velociraptor."[34] An azhdarchid.

Turtles

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Nanhsiungchelyidae indet. Indeterminate Abdrant Nuru "Three shell fragments."[35] A nanhsiungchelyid.
Indeterminate Bayn Dzak "Partial shells."[35] A nanhsiungchelyid.
Indeterminate Udyn Sayr "Two shell fragments."[35] A nanhsiungchelyid.
Zangerlia Z. dzamynchondi Zamyn Khondt "Partial shell."[36] A nanhsiungchelyid.
Z. ukhaachelys Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull and skeleton."[37] A nanhsiungchelyid.

Dinosaurs

Ankylosaurids

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Minotaurasaurus M. ramachandrani Ukhaa Tolgod [Two] complete skulls, mandibles, and first cervical half-ring.[38][39] An ankylosaurid previously thought to be a junior synonym of Tarchia, but is now considered to be a valid and distinct taxon.
Pinacosaurus P. grangeri Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod [Three] skulls, mandibles, predentary, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, ribs, scapula, coracoids, humerus, radius, ulna, ilium, femora, tibia, fibula, pelvis, manus, tail club handles, cervical half-rings, osteoderms, and a nearly complete skeleton lacking a skull.[40][41][42] An ankylosaurid also known from the Alagteeg Formation and Bayan Mandahu Formation.
Ankylosauridae indet. Indeterminate Zamyn Khondt Partially complete postcranial skeleton with in situ osteoderms.[43] Previously referred to Saichania, but is now referred to as Ankylosauridae indet., or cf. Pinacosaurus.[43]

Marginocephalians

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Bainoceratops B. efremovi Bayn Dzak "Partial vertebrae."[44] A protoceratopsid. May be synonymous with Protoceratops.[45]
Bagaceratops Indeterminate Udyn Sayr "Skull with partial skeleton."[46] A protoceratopsid. Indeterminate between Bagaceratops and Protoceratops.[46]
Goyocephale G. lattimorei Boro Khovil "Partial skull and skeleton."[47] A pachycephalosaurid. Locality sediments may belong to this formation.[47][48]
Protoceratops P. andrewsi Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh, Udyn Sayr, Zamyn Khondt "Multiple partial to complete specimens."[49][50][51][52][46] A protoceratopsid.
P. hellenikorhinus Bor Tolgoi, Udyn Sayr "Partial cranial remains."[53] A protoceratopsid.
Protoceratopsidae indet. Indeterminate Ukhaa Tolgod "Numerous skulls and remains."[54][55] A protoceratopsid.
Udanoceratops U. tschizhovi Udyn Sayr "Skull and fragmented skeleton elements."[56] A giant leptoceratopsid.

Ornithopods

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Hadrosauroidea indet. Indeterminate Tugriken Shireh "Fragmented remains from juveniles."[57][58] A hadrosauroid.
Plesiohadros P. djadokhtaensis Alag Teeg "Skull and partial body elements."[58] A hadrosauroid. Actually hails from the Alagteeg Formation.[59]

Sauropods

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
cf. Nemegtosaurus Indeterminate Not specified.[60] Not specified.[60] A sauropod.

Theropods

Alvarezsaurs
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Alvarezsauridae indet. Indeterminate Tugriken Shireh "Partial skull, braincase, and skeleton elements of two specimens."[61][62] An alvarezsaurid also known as the Tugriken Shireh alvarezsaur. Uncertainly referred as Parvicursor sp.[62]
Kol ghuva
Shuvuuia deserti
Kol K. ghuva Ukhaa Tolgod "A well-preserved right foot."[63] A large alvarezsaurid. Its classification has been criticized.[64]
Shuvuuia S. deserti Ukhaa Tolgod "Multiple specimens with skull and skeletons."[65][66][67][63][68] An alvarezsaurid.
Undescribed Alvarezsauridae Indeterminate Bayn Dzak "Partial pelvic girdle and hindlimb."[69] An alvarezsaurid.
Indeterminate Gilvent Wash Not given.[63] An alvarezsaurid.
Birds
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Apsaravis A. ukhaana Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial postcranial skeleton."[70] A basal ornithurine bird.
Elsornis E. keni Tugriken Shireh "Partial articulated skeleton lacking the skull."[71] An enantiornithe.
Gobipteryx G. minuta Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull."[72] An enantiornithine. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation.
Protoceratopsidovum P. fluxuosum Bayn Dzak "Partial eggs."[73] Eggs probably laid by a bird.[74]
P. minimum Baga Tariach, Tugriken Shireh "Clutch of four eggs and one pole of egg."[73] Eggs probably laid by a bird.[74]
P. sincerum Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh "Multiple eggs and shells."[73] Eggs probably laid by a bird.[74]
Styloolithus S. sabathi Bayn Dzak "Partial to complete eggs."[74] Eggs probably laid by a bird.
Dromaeosaurs
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Halszkaraptor H. escuilliei Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skeleton with complete skull."[75] A halszkaraptorine
Mahakala M. omnogovae Tugriken Shireh "Fragmented skull and skeleton."[76] A halszkaraptorine
Shri S. rapax Ukhaa Tolgod? Nearly complete, articulated skeleton[77] (skull and first four cervical vertebrae lost)[78] A velociraptorine
Tsaagan T. mangas Ukhaa Tolgod "Skull and partial skeleton."[79] A velociraptorine
Velociraptor V. mongoliensis Bayn Dzak, Chimney Buttes, Gilvent Wash, Tugriken Shireh, Udyn Sayr, Ukhaa Tolgod "Multiple partial to complete specimens."[80][81][82][83][84][85] A velociraptorine
Undescribed Dromaeosauridae Indeterminate Abdrant Nuru "Claw."[86]
Indeterminate Zos Wash "Frontal region."[79] Indeterminate dromaeosaurid; differs from Tsaagan[79]
Non-maniraptoran theropods
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Aepyornithomimus A. tugrikinensis Tugriken Shireh "Nearly complete foot."[87] An ornithomimid.
Ornithomimosauria indet. Indeterminate Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial braincase, jaw tips, ribs, and vertebral fragments".[88][89] An ornithomimid.

Tyrannosauridae indet.

Indeterminate Bayn Dzak Not specified.[90] A tyrannosaurid.
Indeterminate Khongil "Supraorbital, vertebra, rib, femur and metatarsals."[91] A tyrannosaurid.
Indeterminate Not specified. "Partial right ilium."[92] A tyrannosaurid.
Indeterminate Not specified. "Teeth."[93] A tyrannosaurid.
Oviraptorosaurs
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Citipati C. osmolskae Ukhaa Tolgod "Multiple specimens with partial to nearly complete skeletons, an embryo, eggs and nesting individuals."[94][95][96][97] An oviraptorid.
Elongatoolithus E. frustrabilis
E. subtitectorius
Khaan K. mckennai Ukhaa Tolgod "Several specimens with partial to complete skeletons and skulls."[95][98][99] An oviraptorid.
Macroolithus M. mutabilis "Eggs." Eggs probably laid by an oviraptorid
Oviraptor O. philoceratops Bayn Dzak "Partial skeleton with skull, associated with a nest and juvenile."[100][96][97] An oviraptorid.
Oviraptoridae indet. Indeterminate Zamyn Khondt "Nearly complete skeleton with skull."[101] An oviraptorid also known as the Zamyn Khondt oviraptorid. Uncertainly referred to Citipati.[95][96]
Indeterminate Zamyn Khondt "Nearly complete skull with atlas and axis."[102] An oviraptorid.
Indeterminate Udyn Sayr "Assemblage of individuals."[97] An oviraptorid.
Indeterminate Not specified. "Two skulls with characteristic high crest."[103][104][105] An oviraptorid.
Troodontids
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Almas A. ukhaa Ukhaa Tolgod "Skull with partial skeleton."[106] A troodontid.
Archaeornithoides A. deinosauriscus Bayn Dzak "Partial skull."[107] A troodontid? Uncertain relationships among coelurosaurs.[107][108]
Byronosaurus B. jaffei Ukhaa Tolgod "Skull and fragmentary skeleton."[109] A troodontid.
Gobivenator G. mongoliensis Zamyn Khondt "Almost complete skeleton."[110] A troodontid.
Saurornithoides S. mongoliensis Bayn Dzak "Skull with fragmentary skeleton."[111] A troodontid.
Troodontidae indet. Indeterminate Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skeleton."[112] A troodontid.
Indeterminate Ukhaa Tolgod "Juvenile skulls, skeleton, and one nest."[113][108] A troodontid. Referred to either Almas,[114][106] or Byronosaurus.[108]
Indeterminate Ukhaa Tolgod "Fragmented skull and skeleton remains."[115] A troodontid. Provisionally referred to Saurornithoides,[115] but now excluded.[111]
Indeterminate Ukhaa Tolgod "Partial skull and skeletons from two specimens."[66] A troodontid.

Flora

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Radicites R. gobiensis Bayn Dzak "Twenty plant roots."[116] A tracheophyte, likely conifer.

See also

References

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