Junayd ibn Abd ar-Rahman al-Murri
Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri | |
|---|---|
| Governor of Sindh | |
| In office 723–726 | |
| Succeeded by | Tamim ibn Zayd al-Utbi |
Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri, commonly known as Al-Junayd, served as the governor of Sindh in the Umayyad Caliphate from 723 to 726 CE. His tenure marked a significant period in the expansion of Umayyad control in the Indian subcontinent.[1]
Campaigns
Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri (or Al Junayd) was appointed the governor of Sindh in 723 CE. After his defeat and execution of two sons of King Dahir, "Jaisiah" and "Sassa", he subdued the whole of Sindh. Junayd sent an expedition against Kangra and subdued it.
A large expedition was also sent to Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, targeting Mermad (Maru-Mada, in Jaisalmer and Jodhpur), al-Baylaman (Bhillamala or Bhinmal) and Jurz (Gurjaradesa, in southern Rajasthan and northern Gujarat).[2] A force was sent under Habib ibn al-Muhallab against Malwa which was subdued. Another force was sent against Uzayn (Ujjain), which made incursions into its country (Avanti) and some parts of it were destroyed (the city of Baharimad, in Mewar or Barmer).[3] Another force was dispatched and it subdued Qassa (Kutch), al-Mandal (Mandore), Dahnaj (Dahej), Surast (Saurashtra) and Barwas (Bharuch).[4]
Either Chanduka or Shiluka was on throne when the Arabs under Junayd swept over the whole region.[5] Bhattis under Tunno or Tanu ruled the region of Jaisalmer during the Al-Junayd's invasion. They suffered defeat against the Arab raids, which expanded eastwards. Al-Junayd sent his tax agents to this region which concludes that the new province would have included western and southern Rajasthan, area of Punjab, entire Gujarat and small parts of Madhya Pradesh as well.[6][7]
| Campaign of Al-Junayd | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Umayyad campaigns in India | |||||||||
 Sindh in 700 AD | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Umayyad Caliphate |
Brahmin dynasty Gurjaradesha Pratihara dynasty Bhinmal Kingdom Malwa Kingdom Kangra Kingdom Gurjaras of Lata Maitraka dynasty Jaisalmer Kingdom | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri Habib ibn al-Muhallab |
Jaisiah  Sassa Druhar Siluka or Chanduka Jayabhata IV Siladitya IV Tanu or Tunno | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
References
- ^ "Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramkrishna, (19 Nov. 1875–30 May 1950)", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222601, retrieved 2023-10-12
- ^ Elliot, Sir Henry Miers (2008-01-01). History of India, in Nine Volumes: Vol. V - The Mohammedan Period as Described by Its Own Historians. Cosimo, Inc. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-60520-498-7.
- ^ Jain, Kailash Chand (1972-12-31). Malwa Through The Ages. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 321. ISBN 978-81-208-0824-9.
- ^ Wink, André (1990). Al-hind: The Making of the Indo-islamic World. BRILL. p. 208. ISBN 978-90-04-09249-5.
- ^ Allan, John; Haig, Sir Wolseley; Dodwell, Henry (1964). The Cambridge Shorter History of India. S. Chand. p. 102.
- ^ Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994-06-28). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. State University of New York Press. pp. 133–134. ISBN 978-0-7914-9683-1.
- ^ Balocu, Nabī Bak̲h̲shu K̲h̲ānu (1995). Lands of Pakistan: Perspectives, Historical and Cultural. el-Mashriqi Foundation. p. 48.
- ^ Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994-06-28). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. State University of New York Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-7914-9683-1.
- ^ Balocu, Nabī Bak̲h̲shu K̲h̲ānu (1995). Lands of Pakistan: Perspectives, Historical and Cultural. el-Mashriqi Foundation. p. 48.
Further reading
- Crawford, Peter (2013). The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam. Barnsley, Great Britain: Pen & Sword Books. p.216. ISBN 978-1-84884-612-8